A recent report on the status of women by the World Bank revealed a concerning, but not an entirely surprising trend; the global gender gap is greater than was previously thought. The report reveals that no country in the world has achieved gender equality, at least in terms of providing the same opportunities for women as are available to men.
The sobering results come out of a study that examined the impact of childcare and safety policies, or lack thereof, on women’s participation in the labour market in 190 countries. When accounting for these two types of policies, results showed that women were further behind than previously thought. On average, women enjoyed just 64% of the legal protections men do, down from the previous estimate of 77%.
Labour Participation- Roadblocks
Countries that have policies on childcare and safety implemented only 40% of systems to fully enact either policy. This means that despite well intentioned policies, political clout and willingness simply weren’t there to implement the policies fully. Both policies have shown to eliminate obstacles to women’s participation in the labour force. It goes to show that not only do governments need to develop policies, but that those policies need to go hand in hand with robust implementation systems in order for those policies to have an impact on the lives of women.
Pensions- Women More Likely to Live in Poverty After Retirement
The report also highlighted another area where women tend to fall behind; pensions. This is an important issue, given that women pensioners are more likely to live in poverty than their male counterparts. In 81 countries, a woman’s pension benefits do not account for periods of work absences related to childcare, which in turn impacts her retirement income.
Sexual Harassment- Broadening the Scope of Legislation
Sexual harassment has received significant attention recently, although, it’s been a rallying issue for women’s movements since the 1960s. 151 countries developed laws prohibiting sexual harassment in the workplace, but only a fraction had laws prohibiting sexual harassment in public areas and public transport. Legislation has also to catch up with new developments like cyberharassment on various digital platforms where women often are targets of violent threats and hate speech. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/brampton-councillors-women-harassment-violence-epidemic-women-s-day-1.7131257
The Chief Economist of the World Bank indicated that, “discriminatory laws and practices prevent women from working or starting businesses on an equal footing with men. Closing this gap could raise global gross domestic product by more than 20% – essentially doubling the global growth rate over the next decade – but reforms have slowed to a crawl.”
There are many reasons as to why trends in global gender gaps are consistently increasing, but we cannot underestimate the impact of conservative governments who have defunded social and public services, targeting not only access but wages of public sector workers who are predominantly female. Over the last few years, we’ve seen rollbacks in women’s rights throughout the world, both in terms of constitutionally protected rights, but also rollbacks on policies that help women enter the workforce, and access well paid jobs.
What is the Gender Gap?
The gender gap is the difference between men and women as reflected in their participation in political, social, economic, intellectual, and cultural attainments. The gap is also studied by analysing outcomes in four areas, health, education, economics and politics.
A Look Ahead
While the study findings are bleak, there are strides towards equality being made. EU member states have adopted EU-wide rules on the criminalization of certain forms of gender-based violence and better access to justice, protection and prevention. Some African countries have some of the best childcare and safety policies in the world that can serve as templates for other countries. International solidarity is essential when the issue is global.
However, none of these changes are possible without efforts of activists, allies and organized labour, inside our workplaces and communities.
This International Women’s Day, let’s not forget how far we’ve come and celebrate hard-won victories. Let’s also tap into the courage and wisdom of those who came before us and continue the hard work of achieving a more just world for us all. Let’s keep the hope and determination alive that a different kind of world is possible.
